Literature

Vietnamese literature was developed from an early date. Despite the harsh trials of history in the form of repeated foreign invasion, its own characteristics remain. Vietnamese literature includes two major components which have developed simultaneously and are profoundly interrelated: Folk literature and written literature.

Vietnamese folk literature came into being very early and had a profound effect on the spiritual life of the Viets. The folk literature always praised beauty, humanism, and the love of goodness, and contributed to the formation of a national sense. Legends, fairy tales, humorous stories, folk songs, epics and so on have a tremendous vitality and have lived on today.

Written literature first appeared around the 10th century. It had a leading role and bore the main traits of Vietnamese literature. Traditionally, Vietnamese literature always featured patriotism, national pride and humanism. (It was not by chance that great cultural personalities such as Nguyen Trai, Nguyen Du and Ho Chi Minh were also humanists).

From the 10th century, literary works were written in Han (classical Chinese) and chu nom. But since the 16th century, chu nom literature became increasingly popular, and held a prim position by the early 18th century. Well-known works written in chu nom included Chinh Phu Ngam by female poet Doan Thi Diem, the Kieu story by Nguyen Du, and chu nom poems of female poet Ho Xuan Huong. These works were the cream of Vietnamese literature. However entering the 20th century, works written in classical Chinese disappeared. In the 20's, and the following decades, the country's literature was written in Vietnamese quoc ngu (Romanized national language). In that period the country saw drastic changes in its socio-economic structure and cultural life and began to experience the far-reaching influence of Western culture. Vietnamese literature thereby developed quickly in terms of quantity, genre and form. Prominent in prose were Tat Den by Ngo Tat To, Bi Vo by Nguyen Hong, Buoc Duong Cung and short stories by Nguyen Cong Hoan, short stories by Nam Cao, Giong To and other novels by Vu Trong Phung. Poetry also developed vigorously, culminating in the new poetry movement with a generation of famous authors such as: The Lu, Pham Huy Thong, Xuan Dieu, Luu Trong Lu, Huy Can, To Huu to name a few.

From then on Vietnamese literature developed constantly, particularly during the two wars. During the time ( 1945-1975), young authors emerged in the literary circles. Some typical authors : Pham Tien Duat, Nguyen Duy, Lam Thi My Da, Ho Phuong...

The time of “ Doi moi” (or renewal) had seen a boom in Vietnamese literature. Typical authors to cite are Nguyen Huy Thiep, Nguyen Manh Tuan, Chu Lai, Pham Thi Hoai... Recently, we have young authors as: Pham Thi Hoai, Phan Thi Vang Anh, Nguyen Thi Thu Hue- Their styles have given Vietnamese literature a new vitality.

These generations of authors all have great contribution to the development of Vietnamese literature.